Minerals are important building blocks of bones, body fluids and enzymes. Minerals are of great importance for the normal functioning of the body. They are involved in the construction of the supporting tissues of the body, maintaining homeostasis, activate biochemical reactions, affecting enzymatic systems. They fall into two categories: micronutrients and macronutrients.
Macronutrients are needed by the body in large quantities, their content in the body is more than 5 grams. Macronutrients include 7 elements: calcium (Ca), phosphorus (P), magnesium (Mg), sodium (Na), potassium (K), sulfur (S), and chlorine (Cl).
Micronutrients are called minerals that the body needs in very small quantities. An adequate supply is essential for various indicators of animal productivity and health. Essential micro-elements such as Zn, Mn, Cu and Fe are involved in a wide range of important physiological processes. The micronutrient content of feed ingredients is too low to meet growing demand. In this regard, it is necessary to maintain an appropriate balance of micro-elements in feed. The correct ratio of micronutrients in feeds affects immune status, regeneration capacity, fertility, bone development, growth or integrity of epithelial tissues (e.g. skin). In the case of micronutrient deficiency, the development and stability of collagen fibers is impaired, which, accordingly, adversely affects bone mineralization.
The sustainable productivity of farm animals is based on the various functions of micro and macro elements, which is crucial for the development of animals in general.
Animals receive macro- and microelements with feed, with a deficiency, mineral supplements are used. As a rule, salts of various chemical compounds are used to enrich compound feeds with micro- and macro elements like sulfates and oxides. It is in the form of these compounds that the highest degree of their digestibility is reached.
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